Crisis y encrucijadas de una psiquiatría en busca de futuro / The crisis and crossroads experienced by a psychiatry in search of the future

Asumiendo la metáfora de la encrucijada, propuesta por Santiago Levín, en la que estaría situada la psiquiatría en la actualidad, el presente artículo pretende reflexionar sobre algunos aspectos de una crisis paradigmática de la medicina mental que ha hecho a algunos temer por su futuro. Se abordan algunas cuestiones epistemológicas de cierto calado, como el régimen de "verdad" en el que supuestamente deben manejarse los expertos, así como los dilemas planteados en los dos elementos clave del encuentro clínico: el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Finalmente, se insiste en la importancia de lo ético, lo social, y lo político a la hora de replantear saberes y prácticas. (AU)

On the understanding we accept where psychiatry would today be located in the metaphor of the crossroads, as proposed by Santiago Levín, the purpose of this article is to explore certain aspects of a paradigmatic crisis in mental medicine that has raised some concerns as to its future. Certain deep epistemological questions are addressed, such as the schema of "truth", where experts should supposedly manage themselves, and the dilemmas raised from the two key elements of a clinical session: diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the study emphasises the importance of the ethical, social, and political aspects of rethinking knowledge and practices. (AU)

Psychoanalysis and academia: the case of Angel Garma and the university of Buenos Aires.

The Spanish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Ángel Garma-exiled in Argentina after the Spanish Civil War-was one of the founders and the first president of the Argentinian Psychoanalytical Association. Garma unsuccessfully tried to become a university lecturer on three occasions. His final attempt was in 1965, when he applied for a professorship in deep psychology at the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature of the University of Buenos Aires. The application he submitted for this professorship position has been located in Ángel Garma's personal archive. The aim of this article is to analyse this manuscript to search for clues about the author's relationship with his own work and to explain the priorities and interests he intended to explore in the university environment. The first part of the article analyses the content of his application for the professorship, contrasting this content with published work and reviewing the fundamental lines of Garma's psychoanalytical thought (child sexuality, psychoanalysis and psychosomatic medicine, the psychoanalytical institution, etc.). The second part suggests the main reasons why Garma failed in his attempts to become a university lecturer.

Long-term effects of blue-blocking spectacle lenses on color perception.

The use of blue-blocking filters is increasing in spectacle lens users. Despite the low absorption in the blue range, some users complain about these filters because they affect their color perception. In a pilot study we have evaluated how the long-term use of 8 different blue-blocking filters impact the color perception during more than 2 weeks on a group of 18 normal color vision observers, compared with a control group of 10 observers. The evaluation was done using the FM100, the Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) and an achromatic point measurement. Our results show that there is a trend to worsen with the filters on.

Color vision deficiencies and camouflage: a comparative study between normal and CVD observers.

There is a belief that observers with color vision deficiencies (CVD) perform better in detecting camouflaged objects than normal observers. Some studies have concluded contradictory findings when studying the performance of normal and CVD observers in the camouflage detection tasks in different conditions. This work presents a literature review on this topic, dividing it into three different and contradictory types of results: better performance for CVD, for normal observers, or same performance. Besides, two psychophysical experiments have been designed and carried out in a calibrated computer monitor on both normal and CVD human observers to measure the searching times of the different types of observers needed to find camouflaged stimuli in two different types of stimuli. Results show the trend that, in our experimental conditions, normal observers need shorter searching times than CVD observers in finding camouflaged stimuli both in images of natural scenes and in images with synthetic stimuli.

The reception of psychodrama in Spain: Correspondence between Jacob Levy Moreno and Ramón Sarró.

Jacob Levy Moreno, the well-known creator of psychodrama, had a close epistolary relationship with the Spanish psychiatrist Ramón Sarró; a collection of these letters has been located in the Sarró personal archive, deposited in the Library of Catalonia. After locating and arranging this correspondence, we proceeded to analyze and contextualize its contents. The analysis of this collection serves as a basis to outline the context in which the relationship between Moreno and Sarró developed, the role played by certain psychotherapy congresses in strengthening their relationships, and the process that resulted in the University of Barcelona awarding Moreno Doctor Honoris Causa. This study has allowed us to identify certain areas of how psychodrama was received in Spain during the 1960s and reflect on the creation of international collaboration networks and the creation of schools and professional and academic legitimation strategies in the wake of the approaches to group psychotherapy and psychodrama that Moreno developed while based in New York. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

La conexión francesa de Ángel Garma: psicología y psicoanálisis en la correspondencia con Daniel Lagache / The French connection of Angel Garma: psychology and psychoanalysis in correspondence with Daniel Lagache

El español Ángel Garma (1904-1993) y el francés Daniel Lagache (1903-1972) son dos figuras clave para la psicología y el psicoanálisis del siglo XX. Hemos localizado parte de su relación epistolar en el Archivo Ángel Garma, conservado en Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. El análisis de esta colección nos permite reconstruir la poca conocida relación entre Garma y Lagache, así como profundizar en aspectos biográficos, personales y emocionales de ambos autores. En concreto, buscamos determinar en qué términos personales y profesionales se desarrollaron sus contactos, el nivel de colaboración que establecieron y los resultados científicos y profesionales que pueden identificarse como consecuencia de dicha relación. También nos ha permitido examinar y contextualizar los principales temas de su correspondencia: el intercambio de conocimientos, estrategias de difusión y docencia científica, la relación con colegas y discípulos, y la institu-cionalización del psicoanálisis. Las diferencias que existen entre ambos autores, detectables tanto en sus elaboraciones teóricas, como en su práctica docente y clínica, no les impidió mantener un mutuo respeto intelectual que les llevó a colaborar y brindarse apoyo en la difusión de sus obras respectivas (AU)

El concepto de psiquiatría social y sus fundamentos teóricos en la España de la Transición: la obra de J.L. Martí Tusquets / The concept of social psychiatry and its theoretical foundations in Spain during the transition to democracy: the work of JL Martí Tusquets

Este trabajo analiza los fundamentos teóricos y las influencias intelectuales del concepto de psiquiatría social propuesto por el psiquiatra catalán José Luis Martí-Tusquets en los años setenta del siglo XX. A través de obras como Psiquiatría social (1976) y Enfermedad mental y entorno urbano (1988), pero también de otras aportaciones, se valoran los fundamentos epistemológicos del autor estudiado, así como las numerosas perspectivas y enfoques que tenían cabida en su pensamiento: la sociogénesis de los trastornos mentales y la epidemiología psiquiátrica (en cuyo marco se destacan también las aportaciones de Antonio Seva en Zaragoza), la importancia de las relaciones y las experiencias sociales, su diálogo con la antipsiquiatría o el recurso de la antropología cultural y el psicoanálisis. Todo ello en el contexto de la psiquiatría universitaria en Barcelona, lo que nos permite contribuir a una visión más panorámica de la psiquiatría en el tardofranquismo y la Transición. (AU)

This study analyses the theoretical foundations and intellectual influences of the concept of social psychiatry as put forward by the Catalan psychiatrist José Luis Martí-Tusquets in the 1970s. Through works such as Psiquiatría social [Social Psychiatry] (1976) and Enfermedad mental y entorno urbano [Mental Illness and Urban Environment] (1988), and other materials, the author's epistemological foundations, numerous perspectives and approaches are explored: the sociogenesis of mental disorders and psychiatric epidemiology (within which contributions by Antonio Seva in Zaragoza are also worth noting), the importance of social relationships and experiences, and his dialogues with antipsychiatry, cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis. We place the above within the context of university psychiatry in Barcelona, giving a broader perspective to psychiatry in late Francoism and during the Transition. (AU)

Locura y activismo en Viaje al manicomio, de Kate Millett / Madness and activism in The Loony-Bin Trip, by Kate Millett

La escritora, profesora y activista feminista Kate Millett publicó en 1990 Viaje al manicomio. En este relato autobiográfico, la autora describe su experiencia como sobreviviente de la psiquiatría, tras dos internamientos psiquiátricos. El presente artículo analiza los contenidos de Viaje al manicomio destacando su importancia para una reflexión en torno a la crítica manicomial, a la vivencia del sufrimiento psíquico y al activismo en primera persona. (AU)

Writer, professor, and feminist activist Kate Millett published The Loony-Bin Trip in 1990. In this autobiographical account, the author describes her experience as a survivor of psychiatry, after two internments. This article analyzes the contents of The Loony-Bin Trip, highlighting its importance for a reflection on madhouse criticism, the experience of psychic suffering, and mad activism. (AU)

Scaling of roughness and porosity in thin film deposition with mixed transport mechanisms and adsorption barriers.

Thin film deposition with particle transport mixing collimated and diffusive components and with barriers for adsorption are studied using numerical simulations and scaling approaches. Biased random walks on lattices are used to model the particle flux and the analogy with advective-diffusive transport is used to define a Peclet number P that represents the effect of the bias towards the substrate. An aggregation probability that relates the rates of adsorption and of the dominant transport mechanism plays the role of a Damkohler number D, where D≲1 is set to describe moderate to low adsorption rates. Very porous deposits with sparse branches are obtained with P≪1, whereas low porosity deposits with large height fluctuations at short scales are obtained with P≫1. For P≳1 in which the field bias is intense, an initial random deposition is followed by Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) roughening. As the transport is displaced from those limiting conditions, the interplay of the transport and adsorption mechanisms establishes a condition to produce films with the smoothest surfaces for a constant deposited mass: with low adsorption barriers, a balance of random and collimated flux is required, whereas for high barriers the smoothest surfaces are obtained with P∼D^{1/2}. For intense bias, the roughness is shown to be a power law of P/D, whose exponent depends on the growth exponent ß of the KPZ class, and the porosity has a superuniversal scaling as (P/D)^{-1/3}. We also study a generalized ballistic deposition model with slippery particle aggregation that shows the universality of these relations in growth with dominant collimated flux, particle adsorption at any point of the deposit, and negligible adsorbate diffusion, in contrast with the models where aggregation is restricted to the outer surface.

Metasurface-based contact lenses for color vision deficiency: comment.

Recently Karepov and Ellenbogen [Opt. Lett.45, 1379 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.384970] claimed that a new metasurface-based contact lens is able to correct deuteranomaly. Unfortunately, their results are not supported by psychophysical experiments, and some key assumptions in their simulations were misinterpreted. All of this has led to wrong conclusions providing false expectations to the color vision deficiency community.

Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects.

This paper analyzes, through computational simulations, which spectral filters increase the number of discernible colors (NODC) of subjects with normal color vision, as well as red-green anomalous trichromats and dichromats. The filters are selected from a set of filters in which we have modeled spectral transmittances. With the selected filters we have carried out simulations performed using the spectral reflectances captured either by a hyperspectral camera or by a spectrometer. We have also studied the effects of these filters on color coordinates. Finally, we have simulated the results of two widely used color blindness tests: Ishihara and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (FM100). In these analyses the selected filters are compared with the commercial filters from EnChroma and VINO companies. The results show that the increase in NODC with the selected filters is not relevant. The simulation results show that none of these chosen filters help color vision deficiency (CVD) subjects to pass the set of color blindness tests studied. These results obtained using standard colorimetry support the hypothesis that the use of color filters does not cause CVDs to have a perception similar to that of a normal observer.

Cinco claves preliminares para el estudio del psicoanálisis (lacaniano) en la España del segundo franquismo y la transición / Five preliminary keys to the study of psychoanalysis in Spain under the later Franco Regime and the Transition

El presente artículo identifica y propone cinco claves a tener en cuenta para analizar la recepción y desarrollo del psicoanálisis en la España del segundo franquismo y la Transición: 1) la ausencia -o muy escasa presencia- de referencias psicoanalíticas en la producción psiquiátrica de los años cincuenta y sesenta; 2) las conexiones entre psicoanálisis, antipsiquiatría y estructuralismo; 3) la importancia de la llegada a España de Oscar Masotta, y su psicoanálisis "laico", en la consolidación de un discurso y una práctica psicoanalítica al margen de la IPA; 4) el peso de los psicoanalistas argentinos llegados al estado español tras el golpe de estado en su país; y 5) la importancia de la Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría en difusión y trasmisión del psicoanálisis. Estas cinco claves agrupan situaciones y procesos que han sido estudiados con desigual profundidad, pero cuya consideración en conjunto parece imprescindible para obtener una visión global del proceso. Se concluye que las relaciones psiquiatría-psicoanálisis, la circulación del conocimiento, el contexto socio-político y cultural, etc., explican, entre otras cosas, las características de la recepción y desarrollo de un psicoanálisis post-freudiano en el que la orientación lacaniana tuvo preponderancia sobre otros enfoques o escuelas

This article identifies and proposes five key elements to be taken into account in analysing the reception and development of psychoanalysis in Spain under the later Franco regime and during the Transition: 1) the absence - or very limited presence - of psychoanalytic points of reference in psychiatric production during the 1950s and 1960s; 2) the connections between psychoanalysis, anti-psychiatry and structuralism; 3) the importance of the arrival in Spain of Oscar Masotta, and his 'lay' psychoanalysis, in consolidating a psychoanalytic discourse and practice outside the IPA; 4) the influence of Argentinian psychoanalysts who came to Spain following the coup d'état in their country; and 5) the importance of the Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría in disseminating and communicating psychoanalysis. These five keys group together situations and processes which have been studied to varying extents, but which it seems essential to consider as a whole in order to obtain an overall view of the process. We conclude that relations between psychiatry and psychoanalysis, the circulation of knowledge, and the socio-political and cultural context, etc. explain, among other things, the characteristics of the reception and development of a post-Freudian psychoanalysis in which the Lacanian position predominated over other approaches and schools

Clinical profile of women diagnosed with Fabry disease non receiving enzyme replacement therapy / Perfil clínico de mujeres diagnosticadas de la enfermedad de Fabry no tratadas con sustitución enzimática

Introduction and objective: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to a deficiency of the alpha-galactosidase A enzyme. Although women were historically considered only carriers, many studies have contradicted this fact. The main aim of this work was to set the first Spanish study out of the on-going registries on health status and management of women diagnosed with FD who were not receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Material and methods: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive and multicentre study was assessed in women diagnosed for FD who were not receiving ERT. Assessments on symptomatology and severity were collected using several clinical questionnaires. Additionally, clinical information and lab tests were obtained from clinical records. Results: Thirty-three women with a mean age of 45.6±16.2 years were studied. Symptom onset was at a median age of 35.5 years old (range: 30.0-51.5), being diagnosed a median of 2 years later (range: 1.0-1.5). Missense mutations were the most prevalent mutation (n=22, 68.8%). Although 69% considered themselves as asymptomatic, 22 (66.7%) showed at least one FD-related clinical symptom. Using Mainz Severity Score index and Fabry International Prognosis Index neurological symptomatology obtained higher scores both for severity and prognostic. The EQ-5D questionnaire showed 42.2% patients referring to some anxiety or depression, and 30.3% thought that their life was somehow altered by the pain. 62.5% were not receiving any treatment and ERT was offered only to one patient (3.6%) who refused it. Conclusions: Although most of the heterozygous women for FD had not received ERT or either symptomatic treatment, they present symptoms of disease. Careful follow-up of female patients or some adjuvant treatment may be considered to delay progressive organ damage and improve patient quality of life

Introducción y objetivo: La enfermedad de Fabry (EF) es un trastorno de almacenamiento lisosómico hereditario, ligado al cromosoma X y derivado de una deficiencia de la enzima alpha-galactosidasa A. Aunque históricamente solo se ha considerado portadoras a las mujeres, esto ha sido contradicho por muchos estudios. El objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido establecer un primer estudio español independiente de los registros actuales sobre la situación y seguimiento clínico de las mujeres diagnosticadas con EF que no recibían terapia de sustitución enzimática (TRE). Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio epidemiológico, transversal, descriptivo y multicéntrico en mujeres diagnosticadas con EF que no recibían TRE. Las evaluaciones sobre la sintomatología y la gravedad fueron recopiladas mediante varios cuestionarios clínicos. Adicionalmente se obtuvo información clínica y resultados de pruebas de laboratorio de las historias clínicas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 33 mujeres con una edad media de 45,6±16,2 años. El inicio de los síntomas se produjo a una mediana de edad de 35,5 años (rango: 30,0-51,5), siendo diagnosticado en una mediana de 2 años después (rango: 1,0-1,5). Las mutaciones de sentido erróneo fueron las más frecuentes (n=22; 68,8%). Aunque el 69% se consideraron a sí mismas asintomáticas, 22 (66,7%) mostraron al menos un síntoma clínico relacionado con la EF. Utilizando el índice de severidad de Mainz y el índice pronóstico internacional de Fabry, la sintomatología neurológica obtuvo puntuaciones más altas tanto para la gravedad como para el pronóstico. El cuestionario de calidad de vida EQ-5D mostró que el 42,2% de las pacientes referían cierta ansiedad o depresión, y el 30,3% pensó que su vida estaba interferida de alguna manera por el dolor. El 62,5% no recibía ningún tratamiento y solo se ofreció TRE a una paciente (3,6%), que lo rechazó. Conclusiones: Aunque la mayoría de las mujeres heterocigotas para la EF no habían recibido TRE, ni tampoco ningún tratamiento sintomático, sí presentan síntomas de la enfermedad. Un seguimiento cuidadoso de las pacientes junto con alguna terapia adyuvante podría ser de interés para retrasar el daño progresivo de los órganos y mejorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes

Assessment of VINO filters for correcting red-green Color Vision Deficiency.

In our ongoing research on the effectiveness of different passive tools for aiding Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) subjects, we have analyzed the VINO 02 Amp Oxy-Iso glasses using two strategies: 1) 52 observers were studied using four color tests (recognition, arrangement, discrimination, and color-naming); 2) the spectral transmittance of the lenses were used to model the color appearance of natural scenes for different simulated CVD subjects. We have also compared VINO and EnChroma glasses. The spectral transmission of the VINO glasses significantly changed color appearance. This change would allow some CVD subjects, above all the deutan ones, to be able to pass recognition tests but not the arrangement tests. To sum up, our results support the hypothesis that glasses with filters are unable to effectively resolve the problems related to color vision deficiency.

Clinical profile of women diagnosed with Fabry disease non receiving enzyme replacement therapy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to a deficiency of the α-galactosidase A enzyme. Although women were historically considered only carriers, many studies have contradicted this fact. The main aim of this work was to set the first Spanish study out of the on-going registries on health status and management of women diagnosed with FD who were not receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive and multicentre study was assessed in women diagnosed for FD who were not receiving ERT. Assessments on symptomatology and severity were collected using several clinical questionnaires. Additionally, clinical information and lab tests were obtained from clinical records. RESULTS: Thirty-three women with a mean age of 45.6±16.2 years were studied. Symptom onset was at a median age of 35.5 years old (range: 30.0-51.5), being diagnosed a median of 2 years later (range: 1.0-1.5). Missense mutations were the most prevalent mutation (n=22, 68.8%). Although 69% considered themselves as asymptomatic, 22 (66.7%) showed at least one FD-related clinical symptom. Using Mainz Severity Score index and Fabry International Prognosis Index neurological symptomatology obtained higher scores both for severity and prognostic. The EQ-5D questionnaire showed 42.2% patients referring to some anxiety or depression, and 30.3% thought that their life was somehow altered by the pain. 62.5% were not receiving any treatment and ERT was offered only to one patient (3.6%) who refused it. CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the heterozygous women for FD had not received ERT or either symptomatic treatment, they present symptoms of disease. Careful follow-up of female patients or some adjuvant treatment may be considered to delay progressive organ damage and improve patient quality of life.

Psychiatrists and mental health activism during the final phase of the Franco regime and the democratic transition.

In the final years of the Franco dictatorship and during the period known as the democratic transition, there were a significant number of protests in the sphere of mental health in Spain. This article analyses the origins and functioning of the Psychiatric Network, which emerged in 1971, its connection to the formation of professional organizations and its role in the reception of anti-psychiatry ideas in Spain. We reach the conclusion that, although the Network's activities took place within a left-wing political and ideological framework, and at such an important time of social change as the end of the dictatorship, its discourse and practices always demonstrated a marked professional approach.

The beginning of Francoist psychiatry: the National Neurology and Psychiatry Conference (Barcelona, 1942).

While there has been some research into Francoist psychiatry, much work still needs to be done on the reorganization of the mental health profession within the new state. Held in Barcelona on 12, 13 and 14th January 1942, the National Neurology and Psychiatry Conference undoubtedly played a major role in the attempt to overthrow the dominant ideas in the field of Spanish psychiatry and displace its most influential figures. This article seeks to analyse the Conference's main organizational features and examine its most significant content, with the aim of evaluating its strategic importance in the context of both the psychiatrists' professional and scientific interests and their ideological and political concerns. Conference papers tackled issues such as neurology and psychiatry in wartime, vitamin deficiency and the nervous system, and new psychiatric treatments, including shock therapy. The Conference's marked ideological nature represented the beginning of a new professional dynamic, featuring the emergence or establishment of new leaders intent on laying the foundations of psychiatry during the early years of the Franco regime.

Psiquiatría y literatura en la España de la transición: los renglones torcidos de Dios (1979) / Psiquiatria e literatura na Espanha da transição: Los renglones torcidos de Dios / Psychiatry and literature in transition-era Spain: Los renglones torcidos de Dios / Psychiatrie et littérature dans l’Espagne de la Transition : Los renglones torcidos de Dios / Psychiatrie und Literatur zur Zeit der spanischen Transition: Los renglones torcidos de Dios

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los contenidos psiquiátricos de la novela de Torcuato Luca de Tena Los renglones torcidos de Dios (1979), con el fin de valorar de qué manera esta obra de ficción fue capaz de reflejar la realidad asistencial en la España de los años setenta en un contexto de profundos cambios culturales en torno a la locura. La novela refleja una posición conservadora de resistencia y critica a las novedades (el psicoanálisis, el movimiento antipsiquiátrico) que estaban propiciando un cambio de la “cultura psi” en la España de la Transición democrática.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os conteúdos psiquiátricos do romance Los renglones torcidos de Dios [As linhas tortas de Deus] (1979), de Torcuato Luca de Tena, a fim de avaliar de que forma essa obra de ficção foi capaz de espelhar a realidade assistencial na Espanha dos anos 1970 em um contexto de profundas transformações culturais no âmbito da loucura. O romance reflete uma posição conservadora de resistência e critica as novidades (a psicanálise, o movimento antipsiquiátrico) que estavam a propiciar uma nova “cultura psi” na Espanha da transição democrática.

This paper analyses the psychiatric content of the novel Los Renglones Torcidos de Dios [The Twisted Lines of God] (1979), by Torcuato Luca de Tena, so as to assess in what way this was capable of reflecting the reality of care in 1970s Spain, within a context of deep cultural changes concerning the concept of madness. The novel reflects a conservative position of resistance and criticizes new developments (psychoanalysis, the anti-psychiatric movement) brought about by a new ‘psy culture’ in Spain during its transition to democracy.

L’article qui suit vise à analyser les contenus psychiatriques du roman de Torcuato Luca de Tena Los renglones torcidos de Dios [Les lignes tordues de Dieu] (1979) afin d’analyser de quelle façon cet ouvrage de fiction réussit à rapporter la réalité des services psychiatriques dans l’Espagne des années 1970, dans un contexte de profonds changements culturels dans le domaine de la folie. Le roman dénonce une position conservatrice de résistance et critique par rapport aux nouveautés (la pschanalyse, le mouvement antipsychiatrique) qui encourageaient une nouvelle «culture psy ¼ en Espagne pendant la transition démocratique.

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die psychiatrischen Inhalte des 1979 von Torcuato Luca de Tena geschriebenen Romans Los renglones torcidos de Dios (Die schiefen Zeilen Gottes) zu analysieren, um zu beurteilen inwiefern es diesem Roman gelungen ist, die Situation des spanischen Gesundheitswesens in den siebziger Jahren widerzuspiegeln, dass zu dieser Zeit bedeutende kulturelle Veränderungen bezüglich des Wahnsinns erfuhr. Der Roman vertritt eine konservative Widerstandshaltung und kritisiert die Neuerungen (Psychoanalyse, Antipsychiatrie-Bewegung), welche die sogenannte „Psy-Kultur” während der demokratischen Transition in Spanien förderten.

Políticas de salud mental y cambio social en América latina / Mental health and social change policies in Latin America

Este libro aborda la historia de las políticas de salud mental que desde finales de los años sesenta del siglo pasado y en las dos décadas posteriores se desarrollaron en países como Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Colombia y México. Una época marcada por profundos cambios sociales y culturales y por distintas confrontaciones ideológicas y políticas, en la que América Latina vio surgir, bajo la sombra de la Operación Cóndor y la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional, violentas dictaduras militares. Un convulso escenario de cambio sociopolítico y cyltural al que el ámbito de la salud mental no fue ajeno en sus intentos de reforma, experiencias y movilizaciones, traspasando el debaet científico y asistencial. Con capítulos específicos dedicados a analizar las políticas de salud mental en dichos países, esta obra muestra tanto sus similitudes como sus dieferencias concretas, así como los obstáculos, impulsos y contradicciones que econtraron en su desarrollo. El presente volumen constituye así una valiosa portación para el estudio comparado de la historia de la salud mental en América Latina, desde una perspectiva que es a la vez global y local.(AU)